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Comparative study of the effects of heptameric slippery site composition on –1 frameshifting among different eukaryotic systems

Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA

Reprint requests to: Jonathan D. Dinman, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Microbiology Building, Room 2135, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; e-mail: dinman{at}umd.edu; fax: (301) 314-9489.

Studies of programmed –1 ribosomal frameshifting (–1 PRF) have been approached over the past two decades by many different laboratories using a diverse array of virus-derived frameshift signals in translational assay systems derived from a variety of sources. Though it is generally acknowledged that both absolute and relative –1 PRF efficiency can vary in an assay system-dependent manner, no methodical study of this phenomenon has been undertaken. To address this issue, a series of slippery site mutants of the SARS-associated coronavirus frameshift signal were systematically assayed in four different eukaryotic translational systems. HIV-1 promoted frameshifting was also compared between Escherichia coli and a human T-cell line expression systems. The results of these analyses highlight different aspects of each system, suggesting in general that (1) differences can be due to the assay systems themselves; (2) phylogenetic differences in ribosome structure can affect frameshifting efficiency; and (3) care must be taken to employ the closest phylogenetic match between a specific –1 PRF signal and the choice of translational assay system.

Keywords: frameshifting; virus; ribosome; slippery site

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